scientists who proved by experimentation that both animals and plants
share much in common. He demonstrated that plants are also sensitive to
heat, cold, light, noise and various other external stimuli. Bose
contrived a very sophisticated instrument called Crescograph which
could record and observe the minute responses because of external
stimulants. It was capable of magnifying the motion of plant tissues to
about 10,000 times of their actual size, which found many similarities
between plants and other living organisms.
Contributions and Early Life:
The central hall of the Royal Society in London was jam- packed with
famous scientists on May 10, 1901. Everyone seemed to be curious to
know how Bose's experiment will demonstrate that plants have feelings
like other living beings and humans. Bose chose a plant whose mots were
cautiously dipped up to its stem in a vessel holding the bromide
solution. The salts of hydrobromic acid are considered a poison. He
plugged in the instrument with the plant and viewed the lighted spot on
a screen showing the movements of the plant, as its pulse beat, and the
spot began to and fro movement similar to a pendulum. Within minutes,
the spot vibrated in a violent manner and finally came to an abrupt
stop. The whole thing was almost like a poisoned rat fighting against
death. The plant had died due to the exposure to the poisonous bromide
solution.
The event was greeted with much appreciation, however some
physiologists were not content, and considered Bose as an intruder.
They harshly knocked the experiment but Bose did not give up and was
quite confident about his findings.
Using the Crescograph, he further researched the response of the plants
to fertilizers, light rays and wireless waves. The instrument received
widespread acclaim, particularly from the Path Congress of Science in
1900. Many physiologists also supported his findings later on, using
more advanced instruments.
Jagadish Chandra Bose was born on 30 November, 1858 at Mymensingh, now
in Bangladesh. He was raised in a home committed to pure Indian
traditions and culture. He got his elementary education from a
vernacular school, because his father thought that Bose should learn
his own mother tongue, Bengali, before studying a foreign language like
English. Bose attended Cambridge after studying physics at Calcutta
University. He returned to India in 1884 after completing a B.Sc.
degree from Cambridge University.
Achievements of Sir J. C. Bose in the field of communication.
> Sir J. C. Bose invented the Mercury Coherer (together with the
telephone receiver) used by Guglielmo Marconi to receive the radio
signal in his first transatlantic radio communication over a distance
of 2000 miles from Poldhu, UK to Newfoundland, St. Johns in December
1901. Guglielmo Marconi was celebrated worldwide for this achievement,
but the fact that the receiver was invented by Bose was totally
concealed. Read Bose's original paper on the receiver device.
> In 1895, Sir J. C. Bose gave his first public demonstration of
electromagnetic waves, using them to ring a bell remotely and to
explode some gunpowder. He sent an electromagnetic wave across 75 feet
passing through walls and body of the Chairman, Lieutenant Governor of
Bengal. (I am in process of ascertaining how this experiment is placed
in context of works by other scientists towards demonstrating remote
transmission of EM waves).
> Sir J. C. Bose holds the first patent worldwide to invent a
solid-state diode detector to detect EM waves. The detector was built
using a galena crystal. Have a look at Bose's patent and wait for an
interesting article on the same soon.
> Sir J. C. Bose was a pioneer in the field of microwave devices. His
contribution remains distinguished in the field and was acknowledged by
the likes of Lord Kelvin, Lord Rayleigh, etc. Read what people thought
about J. C. Bose. Refer to [1,2] to study the work of J. C. Bose in the
field of microwave.
Later Life and Death:
Bose authored two illustrious books; 'Response in the Living and
Non-living' (1902) and 'The Nervous Mechanism of Plants' (1926). He
also extensively researched the behaviour of radiowaves. Mostly known
as a plant physiologist, he was actually a physicist. Bose devised
another instrument called 'Coherer', for detecting the radiowaves.
Prior to his death in 1937, Bose set up the Bose Institute at Calcutta.
He was elected the Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920 for his amazing
contributions and achievements.
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